the targetTempleOS is the 64-bit operating system Terry A. Davis wrote, very nearly alone, over about a decade: kernel, compiler, editor and the HolyC language itself. Everything runs in ring 0 in a single address space, there is no networking, and the display is fixed at 640×480 in 16 colours. Those constraints keep the whole system small enough for one person to hold in their head. They also mean it expects plain, specific hardware and nothing else: a BIOS, a CD-ROM, the classic timer and interrupt chips, a PS/2 keyboard and VGA.
the machineAround the CPU sits the rest of a PC: the 8259 interrupt controller, the 8254 timer, the CMOS clock, a PS/2 keyboard controller, a serial port mirrored to an on-page console, PCI configuration space so the firmware can enumerate devices, an IDE controller serving the original 2017 ISO as an ATAPI CD-ROM, and VGA drawn to a canvas with an 8×16 font. SeaBIOS, the firmware used by QEMU, does the early boot.